A study examined whether population living close to two transmitter antennas installed has increase risk of cancer.

Every country cell towers has continued to grow within residential areas. However, there is also a clear lack of evidence showing that these towers are in fact safe. Because of this, a fear of the uncertainty remains among many neighborhoods across the different country.

In recent years, there have been several different views taken on the health risks associated with cell towers.

Some of the RF energy emitted by cell phones is absorbed in your body. The amount of energy you absorb depends on many factors, such as how close you hold the cell phone to your body and how strong the signal is. So far, the weight of evidence from animal, cell culture and human studies does not indicate that the energy emitted by cell phones is strong enough to cause serious health effects. Some scientists have reported that cell phone use may cause changes in brain activity, in reaction times, or in the time it takes to fall asleep, but these findings have not yet been confirmed.

Cell phones are designed to operate at the minimum power necessary to connect and maintain a quality call. As a result, the intensity of the RF energy from cell phones is well below a level that would cause health concerns.

Although the RF energy from cell phones poses no confirmed health risks, cell phone use is not entirely risk-free.

- By Rajat Mathur

This will have an absolute negative effect on property & health.

Others are worried that the tower could cause adverse health effects & sinus pains and short-term memory loss on the nearby structure.

Mobile telephone companies have been trying to expand their coverage in rural areas, where cell signals can be weak or easily lost.

The companies point to stranded motorists being able to call for help in the event of an emergency and aiding first-responders in communicating with one another.

Towers need to be able to “see” each other in order for cell phones to reach greater distances.

It’s a line-of-sight technology. It might not fit within our current network configuration to fit with the other cell towers in the area. That’s why we need to put it in this location as opposed to another one.

There’s been no evidence to suggest a person’s health can be hurt by a cell phone tower, he added.

The wireless communication industry says it spends an average $28.8 billion a year upgrading infrastructure nationwide, and one needs only to look up to see some of that investment taking place in MetroWest.

By any account, demand for cell phones has exploded in the last two decades. But towers and antennas that provide that service still face local opposition, with neighbors sometimes worried about aesthetics, property values and health.

For municipalities, cell towers still present a difficult balancing act. Federal law says towns and cities have to allow wireless companies to provide coverage, and it also bars them from using health concerns to deny a project.

Yet local officials have siting and permitting authority, giving them some say in the location and appearance of towers.

“It’s a bit of a tennis game,” said Patrick Reffett, community development director in Natick.

For cash-strapped municipalities, leasing space for wireless equipment can be a moneymaker. In Ashland alone, cell providers pay $170,000 a year for antennas on municipal sites, an amount that increases 3 percent annually, Assistant Town Manager Mark Purple said last week.

A Verizon Wireless proposal for 12 new antennas on a Cedar Street water tank could mean another $24,000.

“It’s been a very good, consistent source of revenue for us,” Purple said.

It’s difficult to pinpoint the number of cell towers and antenna arrays in MetroWest. A Federal Communications Commission (FCC) database only records antennas taller than 200 feet, on historic sites, near airports or in certain migratory bird flight paths, a spokesman said.

The state does not record or generally regulate such towers.

An industry trade group – CTIA, the Wireless Association – says cell sites, where wireless antennas and network communications equipment are placed, more than doubled nationwide since 2000, from 104,288 to 242,130 last year.

Nationally, wireless subscribers also doubled from 109.5 million in 2000 to 207.9 million in 2005, CTIA reported. That number hit 270.3 million last year.

Among carriers expanding locally is MetroPCS, which began building a New England network last year.

Mike Murphy, a spokesman for Verizon Wireless, said the biggest driver in upgrades for his company is growth in data transmitted with phones – “using your wireless phone to surf the Internet, using your wireless phone to upload or download files,” he said.

“I think you’re always trying to balance additional coverage … with also increasing capacity on your existing infrastructure,” Murphy said.

Local battles over cell towers seem to have waned compared to past years as carriers merge or are more willing to put equipment on shared locations, said Geoffrey Beckwith, executive director of the Mass. Municipal Association. Still, towns dealing with towers face conflicting demands, he said.

“The public on one hand is looking for uninterrupted wireless service, but on the other hand has very legitimate concerns about making sure there is not a disproportionate impact” on neighborhoods, he said.

The MMA has fought past proposals to take local permitting authority away from town and cities, Beckwith said. “The only way to make sure that the carriers are responsive to local needs is to make sure that communities are empowered to have the authority to set the conditions,” he said.

This area has seen its share of recent cell site proposals.

Marlborough officials earlier this year rejected an Omnipoint proposal for a tower, while Verizon and AT&T have sought to expand service in the city. Last fall, the Framingham Zoning Board of Appeals shot down an Omnipoint plan for a 100-foot pole in St. George’s Cemetery.

“It just wasn’t an appropriate place,” said Phillip Ottaviani, a ZBA member.

Hudson fielded proposals for two towers last summer. In Natick, Reffett said he asked a cell carrier last week to redesign a plan for equipment on top of an 11 South Main St. building, which has other antennas on its roof.

“(It) just had no aesthetic prerogative built into it whatsoever,” Reffett said of the new proposal.

National Grid’s Northborough proposal for a 150-foot monopole has some neighbors worried the tower could harm their property values, but that can be tough to pin down.

“It’s a hard thing to prove when you have a volatile market anyway,” Reffett said.

Some Northborough neighbors also worry that electromagnetic fields emitted by towers – a form of non-ionizing radiation, like that used by AM and FM radio, microwaves and infrared heat lamps – pose a health risk.

An American Cancer Society report says it’s unlikely towers cause cancer, a view the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and Environmental Protection Agency echo. But the society also says cell towers are a relatively new technology, and we do not yet have full information.

The CTIA points to other organizations also indicating no clear evidence of health risks, including the World Health Organization.

But some concerned residents remain unconvinced. Leslie Githens, an Ashland Board of Health member who spoke during a hearing on the Northborough proposal, said there are few recent U.S. studies on cell towers.

She pointed to other studies overseas, such as a 2004 Israeli report suggesting higher cancer rates in people who live near cell towers.

Githens said she would like U.S. physicians to review other studies to see if they have merit, saying essentially, “the jury is still out.”

“I believe in being cautious when it comes to people’s health,” she said.

Richard Clapp, an environmental health professor at Boston University, said any health risks of cell towers are “not a settled question.”

It’s not that towers should be banned, he said, but he suggested an approach of “prudent avoidance.”

“I guess I would say we don’t know, but why put them next to places where young children live or especially where they go to school?” he said.

Anti Electromagnetic Radiation

The issue reached council this week, when regional provider Shentel asked for a special-use permit to erect a telecommunications tower off East Market Street, behind the Rockingham Group.

The request, which had the backing of the Harrisonburg Planning Commission over the planning staff’s objections, was tabled at Tuesday’s council meeting.

Along with a desire to meet increased demand, Shentel representatives have argued that the proposed tower is needed at the requested location because of the limited number of sites available.

The city’s restriction on placing poles and attaching antennae to buildings in residential areas has contributed to the problem, they said.

Council members said they were open to reviewing the city’s restrictions on telecommunications sites, particularly antennae that are largely unseen when placed on tall buildings.

“We need to explore that,” said City Manager Kurt Hodgen on Friday, “and see what other communities are doing and get a general lay of the land … [to] identify residential areas where that could possibly happen.”

Council also expressed a desire to help Shentel, based in Edinburg, to find a suitable location on city property. The company provides services in Shenandoah County and parts of Warren, Frederick and Rockingham counties.

The city has given Shentel approval to conduct tests from the water tower on Ramblewood Road, Hodgen said.

Another potential location is on a pole at the Eastover Tennis Courts on Reservoir Street, Hodgen said. The city does lease space for antennae on tal structures on public property.

“The city is not restricted by the zoning ordinance,” he said.

Anti Electromagnetic Radiation